최소한 알아 보고 병원 가자/암

위암에 대하여...(gastric cancer...)

더리치2023 2023. 9. 5. 09:22
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위암의 발생부위(Site of Gastric Cancer)

 

우리 몸의 내장기관 중 가장 넓은 소화기관인 위는 배의 윗부분 왼쪽 갈비뼈 아래와 명치 부분에 위치하고 있고, 위로는 식도, 아래로는 십이지장과 연결되어 있는 주머니 모양의 기관입니다. 위는 음식물의 저장과 소화기능을 담당합니다.

(The stomach, which is the largest digestive organ in our body, is located in the upper left part of the abdomen, below the rib cage and above the navel. It is a pouch-shaped organ that is connected to the esophagus above and the duodenum below. The stomach is responsible for storing and digesting food.)

 

■무릎통증, 어깨통증, 척추통증등 비용까지  알아 보고 병원 가려면 "클릭"

위암 증상(Gastric cancer symptoms)

 

위암은 대부분 상당 정도 진행될 때까지 특별한 증상이 없는 경우가 많습니다. 또한 위암에 의해 나타나는 증상들도 다른 질환에 의한 소화기계 증상과 뚜렷한 구분이 되지 않습니다. 초기에는 특별한 증상이 없고 암이 진행됨에 따라 점차로 속 쓰림, 메스꺼움, 구토, 복통, 어지러움, 설사, 음식물을 삼키기 어려움(연하곤란), 체중 감소, 피로, 흑색 변 등의 증상이 나타날 수 있습니다. 그러나 이러한 증상이 나타날 때는 이미 병이 많이 진행된 상태가 대부분이기 때문에 증상이 없더라도 정기 검진을 통해 조기 발견을 하도록 하여야 합니다.
(Stomach cancer often does not cause any specific symptoms until it has progressed to a significant extent. Additionally, the symptoms caused by stomach cancer are not clearly distinguishable from digestive symptoms caused by other conditions. In the early stages, there may be no specific symptoms, but as the cancer progresses, symptoms such as heartburn, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, diarrhea, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), weight loss, fatigue, and black stool may appear. However, by the time these symptoms manifest, the disease is often already in an advanced stage. Therefore, even in the absence of symptoms, regular check-ups are important for early detection.)

진단방법(methods of diagnosis)

 

일반적으로 위내시경검사, 전산화단층촬영(CT)을 통해서 위암을 진단합니다. 위내시경검사를 통한 조직검사로 위암을 확진하고 복부 CT검사를 통해 위암의 진행 정도를 파악하여 치료 계획을 수립합니다. 이 외 추가적으로 내시경초음파검사, 흉부 CT검사, 간 자기공명검사(MRI), 양전자방출단층촬영(PET) 등이 환자의 상태에 따라 시행되기도 합니다.

(Gastric cancer often does not present specific symptoms until it has progressed to a significant extent. Furthermore, the symptoms caused by gastric cancer are not clearly distinguishable from digestive system symptoms caused by other conditions. In the early stages, there may be no specific symptoms, but as the cancer progresses, symptoms such as stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, diarrhea, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), weight loss, fatigue, and black-colored stools may occur. However, by the time these symptoms manifest, the disease is often already advanced. Therefore, even in the absence of symptoms, regular check-ups are important for early detection.)


위암의 발생원인(The causes of gastric cancer)

 

위암은 어느 하나의 원인에 의해 발생하기 보다 여러 요인들이 복합적으로 작용하여 발생합니다. 먼저 환경요인으로는 식생활(짠 음식, 탄 음식, 훈제 음식), 흡연, 음주 등이 있고, 개체 요인으로는 특정 유전적 소인(예, 가족성 선종용종증, 유전성 미만성 위암 등)이 있습니다. 그리고 위암의 전구병변으로서 헬리코박터 파일로리균(Helicobacter pylori)감염, 만성 위축성위염, 장상피화생, 위수술 과거력 등이 있습니다. 또한 위암 가족력이 있는 경우 그렇지 않은 사람에 비해 위암의 발생 위험이 증가합니다.

(Gastric cancer is not caused by a single factor, but rather by a combination of various factors. Environmental factors include dietary habits (high salt, high fat, smoked foods), smoking, and alcohol consumption. Individual factors include specific genetic predispositions (such as familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer). Precancerous conditions of gastric cancer include Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and a history of gastric surgery. Additionally, individuals with a family history of gastric cancer have an increased risk of developing gastric cancer compared to those without a family history.)

위암의 치료방법(The treatment methods for gastric cancer)

 

위암 치료 방법은 위암의 진행 정도에 따라 결정되며, 크게 내시경절제술, 수술(위절제술), 그리고 항암치료가 있습니다. 크기가 작고, 분화도가 좋은 조기위암의 경우 내시경절제술이 가능하며, 이 범위를 벗어난 조기위암부터 국소적으로 진행된 진행성 위암까지는 수술로 치료합니다. 마지막으로 이미 간이나 복막 같은 다른 장기에 원격전이가 있는 전이성 위암은 근치적 수술이 불가하며 수술 없이 바로 항암치료를 하게 됩니다.

(The treatment methods for gastric cancer depend on the stage of the cancer. They include endoscopic resection, surgery (gastrectomy), and chemotherapy. For small-sized and well-differentiated early gastric cancer, endoscopic resection may be possible. From early gastric cancer that extends beyond this scope to locally advanced progressive gastric cancer, surgery is performed. Lastly, for metastatic gastric cancer with distant spread to organs such as the liver or peritoneum, curative surgery is not feasible, and chemotherapy is administered directly without surgery.)

재발 및 전이(Recurrence and metastasis)

 

위암수술 후 재발 확률은 위암의 병기에 따라 다르며 조기위암의 경우 5~10%로 매우 낮지만, 3기 이상의 진행성 위암에서는 40~70%가 재발합니다. 따라서 수술 후에도 약 5년간 재발 및 전이 여부를 정기적으로 검사해야 합니다. 수술 후 재발이 된 환자는 재발 양상에 따라서 치료가 달라지나, 대부분 전신전이 형태로 재발된 경우가 많아 재발성 위암의 수술적 치료가 가능한 경우는 드물고 주로 항암치료를 하게 됩니다.

(The risk of recurrence and metastasis after gastric cancer surgery varies depending on the stage of the cancer. For early-stage gastric cancer, the recurrence rate is very low at around 5-10%. However, for advancedstage gastric cancer of stage 3 or higher, the recurrence rate can be as high as 40-70%. Therefore, regular follow-up examinations to check for recurrence and metastasis are necessary for about 5 years after surgery. 
For patients who experience recurrence after surgery, the treatment approach may vary depending on the pattern of recurrence. However, in most cases, recurrence of gastric cancer tends to occur in the form of distant metastasis, making surgical treatment for recurrent gastric cancer rare. Instead, systemic chemotherapy is typically administered.)

위암의 종류(Types of gastric cancer)

 

위암이란 원칙적으로 위에 생기는 모든 암을 일컫는 말이지만, 주로 위점막의 선세포(샘세포)에서 발생한 위선암(adenocarcinoma)을 말합니다. 위선암(adenocarcinoma)은 현미경에서 관찰되는 암세포의 모양에 따라 다시 여러 종류로 분류됩니다. 위선암 외에도 위에는 드물게 림프조직에서 발생하는 림프종(lymphoma), 위의 간질세포에서 발생하는 간질성 종양(gastrointestinal tumor), 비상피성 세포에서 유래하는 악성 종양인 육종(sarcoma), 그리고 호르몬을 분비하는 신경내분비암(neuroendocrine tumor) 등이 발생하기도 합니다.

(Gastric cancer, or stomach cancer, is a general term that refers to any cancer that develops in the stomach. However, it commonly refers to adenocarcinoma, which originates from the glandular cells or mucous-secreting cells of the stomach lining. Adenocarcinoma of the stomach can be further classified into different types based on the microscopic appearance of cancer cells. In addition to adenocarcinoma, other rare types of cancer can also occur in the stomach, such as lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic tissue in the stomach), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (a tumor arising from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the stomach), sarcoma (malignant tumor originating from non-epithelial cells), and neuroendocrine tumor (tumor that secretes hormones)


조기검진(Early screening)

 

위암치료에 있어서 조기발견과 조기치료가 가장 중요합니다. 암검진권고안에서는 40세 이상~74세 미만인 남녀는 최소 2년 간격으로 위내시경검사를 하도록 권장하고 있습니다. 특히 만성 위축성위염, 장상피화생 등의 위암의 전구병변이 있는 경우에는 위내시경검사를 더욱 주기적으로 받아야 합니다.

(Early detection and early treatment are crucial in the management of gastric cancer. The cancer screening guidelines recommend that individuals aged 40 and above but below 74 undergo upper endoscopy at least every two years. In particular, individuals with precursor lesions of gastric cancer such as chronic atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia should receive more frequent upper endoscopy screenings.)

예방법(Prevention)

 

신선한 채소와 과일을 충분히 섭취하고 너무 짠 음식, 탄 고기나 생선, 훈제된 음식은 가급적 먹지 않는 게 좋습니다. 흡연자는 위암에 걸릴 확률이 비흡연자에 비해 1.5~2.5배 정도 되는 것으로 알려졌으니 금연하십시오. 또한 장기간의 음주는 위암의 위험을 증가시키므로 금주를 생활화 합니다.
(It is advisable to consume an adequate amount of fresh vegetables and fruits, and to avoid consuming excessively salty food, processed meats, and smoked foods. It has been reported that smokers have a 1.5 to 2.5 times higher risk of developing gastric cancer compared to non-smokers, so quitting smoking is recommended. Additionally, long-term alcohol consumption increases the risk of gastric cancer, so it is recommended to practice abstinence from alcohol.)

 

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